The Cosmological Constant (s) vs. the Evolution of Our Black Hole Universe
Paolo Christillin
Paolo Christillin, Department of Physics, Universita` di Pisa, Italy,
Manuscript received on 25 March 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 05 April 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 10 April 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 April 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 April 2025 | PP: 17-19 | Volume-5 Issue-1, April 2025 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijap.A106005010425 | DOI: 10.54105/ijap.A1060.05010425
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Abstract: The necessity of an ad-hoc repulsive cosmological constant in the standard treatment of cosmology is questioned. The time dependent age of the Universe is considered and shown to be accounted for by the black hole model without such a term. Elementary considerations, backed up by explicit calculations, are used to confirm the black hole nature of our Universe. Consideration of the Hubble pa- rameter in terms of cosmological quantities backs up this picture, requiring matter creation. This implies that at present times the Universe can be conceived as a gigantic vacuum fluctuation, evolution from the one at the Planck era. The repul- sive force attributed to the cosmological constant is accounted for by the energy conservation of the model. Thus the dramatic difference between the present mat- ter density and its estimate, essentially corresponding to the Planck one, find here a natural justification. This solves the cosmological constant problem.
Keywords: Hubble parameter, Universe expansion, Gravitational self energy, Black hole (BH) model, Matter creation, Dark energy, Standard model.
Scope of the Article: Astrophysics Physics