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# Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP): The IJAP aims to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed original articles in Physics.

## Sitemaps
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- [Hello world!](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/hello-world/): Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!

## Pages
- [Published in Year 2026](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/published-in-year-2026/)
- [Generative AI Tools or Chatbots](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/generative-ai-tools/): Generative AI Tools or Chatbots:
- [Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity, and Accessibility (DEIA)](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/diversity-equity-inclusivity-and-accessibility-deia/): Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity, and Accessibility (DEIA):
- [Complaints and Appeals](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/complaints-and-appeals/): Complaints and Appeals:
- [Published in Year 2025](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/published-in-year-2025/)
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- [Advertising and Content Display](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/advertising-and-content-display/): Advertising and Content Display:
- [Responsibilities and Selection Process of the Editorial Board](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/responsibilities-and-selection-process-of-the-editorial-board/): The Editor-in-Chief selects the Editorial Board with input from the publisher. The Board undergoes revisions every 2-3 years, with members joining, stepping down, or continuing. The Board includes various positions, including Associate Editor, General Editor, and Editor-in-Chief. The Editorial Board needs to be geographically diverse, trustworthy, and firm for the journal's progress. Geographic diversity, expertise, and research excellence are considered when selecting editors. Previous authors, Peer Reviewers, and Guest editors can also be appointed in the pool of reviewers. The responsibilities of board members are clearly outlined, and the post is voluntary and unpaid2,3. 
- [Journal Metrics](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/journal-metrics/): Journal Metrics:
- [Archiving](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/archiving-policy/): Archiving:
- [Imprint](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/imprint/): Full Journal Title: Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP) ISSN: 2582-8983 (Online) Publisher: Lattice Science Publication (LSP) Publisher Location: India. Postal Address: Lattice Science Publication (LSP), # G-20, Block-A, Tirupati Abhinav Commercial Campus, Tirupati Abhinav Homes, Ayodhya Bypass Road, Damkheda, Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)-462037, India. Editors: Editorial Board Publication Frequency: Half Yearly Publication Medium: Online (Electronic Only) Publication Website: www.ijap.latticescipub.com First Year Published: 2021 Indexing Databases: Indexing & Abstracting Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijap Publication Language: English Primary Field: Physics Archive: https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/archive/ CrossRef: Yes Guidelines for Authors: https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/instruction-for-authors/ Editorial and Publishing Policies: https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/ethics-policies/ Publisher License under: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
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- [Acknowledgements](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/acknowledgements/): Acknowledgements:
- [Correction, Retraction, and Post Publication](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/corrections-retractions-removal-and-republications/): Correction, Retraction, and Post Publication:
- [Image Integrity and Standards](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/image-integrity-and-standards/): Image Integrity and Standards:
- [Repositories](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/repositories/): Repository:
- [Material Availability and Data Access Statement](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/availability-of-data-and-material/): Material Availability and Data Access Statement:
- [Code of Conduct for Medical Ethics: Clinical Trials, Nomenclatures, and Abbreviations](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/code-of-conduct-for-medical-ethics/): Code of Conduct for Medical Ethics - Clinical Trials, Nomenclatures, and Abbreviations:
- [Competing Interests/ Conflicts of Interest](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/competing-interests/): Competing Interests/ Conflicts of Interest:
- [Authorship](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/authorship/): Authorship:
- [Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/faq/): 
- [Published in Year 2023](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/published-in-year-2023/)
- [Important Dates](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/dates/): Authors can electronically submit articles throughout the year using the Article Submission System. Authors can format their article either in (i) a single-column format or (ii) as per the journal template. The submitted articles should not have been previously published or are currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The journal does not accept brief or short notes for publication. The editors retain the right to reject any articles that lack quality or originality without sending them for review. All articles must fall within the journal's scope and will undergo a double-anonymized peer-review process. Authors must confirm that they have read and understood the content of their submitted article and ensure that it meets acceptable English grammar and usage standards. To help with the proofreading process, authors can use tools like Grammarly or similar applications. As an open-access journal, authors must pay an Article Processing Charge (APC) to publish their articles and retain copyright. Additionally, authors should familiarise themselves with the editorial and publishing policies of the journal.
- [Published in Year 2022](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/published-in-year-2022/)
- [Confidentiality and Privacy](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/confidentiality-policy/): Confidentiality and Privacy:
- [Indexing and Abstracting](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/indexing/): It is crucial to comprehend that the decision to add an article to an indexing and abstracting database, such as Scopus, is solely made by the team and not the Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP). Therefore, the Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP) has no authority over whether an article is accepted or rejected for inclusion in the database. Furthermore, the Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP) does not affect the required processing time of an article for inclusion in the indexing and abstracting database. The indexing and abstracting details of the journal are given below:
- [Published in Year 2021](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/published-in-year-2021/)
- [Misconduct/ Plagiarism](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/plagiarism-policy/): Misconduct/ Plagiarism:
- [Peer Review](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/peer-review-policy/): Peer Review:
- [Open Access Publishing](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/open-access-license/): Open Access Publishing:
- [Guidelines for Authors](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/instruction-for-authors/): Guidelines for Authors:
- [HOME](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/): The Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP) aims to publish high-quality peer-reviewed original articles in the area of Physics.
- [Editorial and Publishing Policies](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/ethics-policies/): The ethical oversight policies of the IJAP follow the principles established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), available at https://publicationethics.org/core-practices.
- [EDITORIAL BOARD](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/editorial-board/): The IJAP invites individuals to join the editorial board by submitting a membership form to express their interest and qualifications.
- [DOWNLOAD](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/): Authors can download the following items as per their requirements:
- [Intellectual Property](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/copyright-grants-and-ownership-declaration/): These permissions are granted under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. The Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP) encourage users to share and disseminate the work, providing appropriate credit to the original authors and refraining from altering or using the content commercially. This inclusive approach allows a broader audience to benefit from shared knowledge.
- [CONTACT](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/contact/): Authors must read the FAQ first before submitting any query.
- [CALL FOR PAPERS](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/call-for-papers/): Dear Professor, | Scientist | Scholar, You are invited to submit original research articles as per your research expertise. Articles can be submitted from the journal website by using the ‘Article Submission System’ throughout the year if: Plagiarism of the article is less than 15%, including references. The article is within the scope of the journal. The article is original and result-oriented. For more detailed information, please visit ‘Guidelines for Authors’.  Important Dates-  Articles Submission Open for Volume-6 Issue-2, October 2026  Last Date of Article Submission: 30 September 2026 Date of Notification: 15 October 2026  Date of Publication: 30 October 2026 
- [Article Submission System](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/article-submission-system/): If there is any problem in uploading the article through the form given below, the author can also email the article to support@latticescipub.com with the following details: Your name, Mobile No, WhatsApp No, Country Name, Email, Other email (optional), Scope of the article, Author(s) Name (Min-01, Max 05), Title of the Article, Name of the journal.
- [Article Processing Charge (APC)](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/article-processing-charge-apc-policy/): Authors must pay a fixed APC to publish their articles in the journal to retain copyright. The APC is payable only upon acceptance, not before or upon rejection.
- [ARCHIVE](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/archive/): The Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP) publish two types of issues: (1) Regular Issues and (2) Theme-Based Special Issues (announced from time to time). The Authors may submit articles electronically throughout the year using the Article Submission System. After the final acceptance of the article, based upon the detailed review process, the article will immediately be published online. For Theme-Based Special Issues, time-bound special calls for articles will be announced. Authors are allowed to download published articles. The articles published in the Indian Journal of Advanced Physics (IJAP)) are open-access and accessible online without subscription fees as soon as it is published.
- [AIM AND SCOPE](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/aims-and-scope/): The mission of the IJAP is to be a hub for integrating scholarly research, industry best practices, and innovative ideas in an easily accessible format across all areas of Physics.

## Downloads
- [Volume-6 Issue-1, April 2026](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-6-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-5 Issue-2, October 2025](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-5-issue-2/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-5 Issue-1, April 2025](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-5-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-4 Issue-2, October 2024](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-4-issue-2/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-4 Issue-1, April 2024](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-4-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-3 Issue-2, October 2023](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-3-issue-2/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-3 Issue-1, April 2023](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-3-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-2 Issue-2, October 2022](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-2-issue-2/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-2 Issue-1, April 2022](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-2-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-1 Issue-2, October 2021](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-1-issue-2/): Editor-In-Chief
- [Volume-1 Issue-1, April 2021](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/download/volume-1-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief

## Portfolio Items
- [A107506010426](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a107506010426/): This work has discovered the reasons behind the workings of our universe by identifying the missing link that our great scientists recognised and are still seeking. The work does not dismissthe work done until nowto progress physics and cosmology to a level where modern day technology has been developed however, this work does ascertain that there is a deeper reason for matterto behave the way it doesin our observable universe; motion of matter, gravitational forces, quantum behaviour, Dark matter, Dark Energy all have a single reason behind them which causes them to behave in a certain way which has become difficult for current human understanding to explain. This work is the child of multiple thought experiments that led to the discovery of a universal law that all matter, or groups of matter, follow. When this universal law was applied to every state of matter or group of matter, the mathematics behind the workings of the universe emerged naturally and logically. This research was conducted to elevate current human understanding of the workings of the universe and to provide reasonsfor many unexplained phenomena in our cosmos, like wave-particle duality, dark energy, dark matter, black holes, etc. The universal law, when represented in mathematical form and derived from current understanding of gravitational force, kinetic energy, rest mass energy, etc., explicitly gives rise to a larger scale mathematical representation which matches the observations made by humans, but couldn’t explain them and had to develop new theoretical frameworks to be able to explain those observations. The Universal law, however, links the classical gravity to higher-order forces present in our cosmos without needing a reason for bringing in unexplained dark matter/ dark energy phenomena. And accurately provides explanations and reasoning behind black holes and quantum behavior.
- [A107406010426](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a107406010426/): Newton’s laws of motion (NLM) and Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (STR) form the conceptual backbone of classical and modern physics, respectively. Despite their extensive empirical success, both frameworks are typically formulated without explicit consideration of thermodynamic constraints such as temperature evolution, system openness, and energy dissipation. This work investigates the thermodynamic consistency of NLM and STR by analytically examining their foundational equations under closed, open, and adiabatic system conditions using established principles from classical mechanics, kinetic theory of gases, and thermodynamics. The analysis demonstrates that Newton’s equations of motion implicitly assume constant acceleration and unbounded time evolution, which, when applied to open systems, violate energy conservation and imply behaviour akin to perpetual motion. By explicitly incorporating temperature as a dynamical variable and recognising its intrinsic coupling to time, modified equations of motion are derived for closed thermodynamic systems. These equations retain the functional form of Newtonian relations but introduce a bounded temperature increment, ΔT, thereby ensuring compliance with the first and second laws of thermodynamics and preventing divergence in velocity, displacement, or work. A similar thermodynamic examination of STR is conducted, focusing on relativistic length contraction, time dilation, and the mass–energy relation E = mc2 . When interpreted in terms of macroscopic or open systems, these relations imply the simultaneous divergence of mass and energy at high velocities, thereby contradicting conservation principles. However, when reformulated for isolated or adiabatic ideal-gas systems, analogous relativistic relationships emerge naturally from mechanical compression and temperature variation, without requiring inertial-frame abstractions or unphysical infinities. The study further demonstrates that the traditional interpretation of E = mc2 as unrestricted mass–energy interconvertibility is thermodynamically inconsistent. Instead, the equation is shown to represent the mechanical work required to accelerate a mass toward relativistic speeds within a finite time, thereby highlighting the physical impossibility of reaching the speed of light for finite-energy systems. Overall, this work establishes that both NLM and STR remain conditionally valid only within restricted thermodynamic domains. By explicitly incorporating temperature, system boundaries, and energy conservation, the analysis clarifies the physical limits of these foundational theories and provides a thermodynamically consistent reinterpretation of classical and relativistic dynamics.
- [A107306010426](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a107306010426/): Predicting the relative roles of gravitational collapse and stellar feedback in star formation within extreme, low-density environments—such as the tidal tails produced by galaxy mergers—remains a fundamental challenge. These environments provide unique natural laboratories for testing star formation theories under conditions analogous to the early universe. However, existing models often fail to reconcile large-scale gravitational dynamics with localized feedback processes in such diffuse media. To bridge this gap, a reproducible, open-sciencebased theoretical framework is presented that integrates public, multi-wavelength observational datasets with high-resolution **resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)** simulations. Our methodology is built on archival data from three flagship observatories: the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which is used to study young stellar populations and newly formed clusters. This telescope provides high-resolution infrared imaging and spectroscopy, enabling precise measurements of stellar ages, masses, and dust extinction. – Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA): used to trace cold molecular gas and analyze kinematic structures. These public datasets are used as quantitative constraints in resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations that incorporate magnetic fields, radiative cooling, sub-grid star formation, and stellar feedback, ensuring that the simulation results remain consistent with observational reality. Using the open-source code **PLUTO**, we model the formation of tidal structures while resolving key plasma physics, including **localized resistivity** to capture magnetic reconnection effects. “Synthetic observations” are directly generated from simulation outputs using radiative transfer post-processing, enabling point-by-point comparison with real data. To rigorously quantify agreement between model and observation, we implement a **Bayesian inference framework** that propagates observational uncertainties and yields posterior constraints on key parameters (e.g., magnetic field strength, feedback coupling efficiency). Through this integrated pipeline, the aim is to determine whether star formation efficiency in lowdensity tails is regulated by gravitational confinement from tidal compression or by localized feedback. Expected outcomes include quantitative estimates of virial stability parameters for observed gas complexes, spatial correlation analyses to gauge feedback coupling efficiency, and statistically robust constraints on uncertain model parameters. This framework is fully reproducible: all data are public, simulation codes are opensource, and analysis scripts will be archived with a DOI upon acceptance. By transparently linking theory and observation, this approach provides a methodological blueprint for studying star formation in interacting systems, with direct implications for galaxy evolution models and future observational strategies.
- [A107206010426](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a107206010426/): Understanding how energy is transported in hot, magnetized plasmas surrounding galaxies remains a central challenge in astrophysics. While turbulence and magnetic reconnection have been widely studied, the role of entropy gradients has typically been treated as passive. In this work, we demonstrate—using high-resolution three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations of AGN jet feedback in the elliptical galaxy NGC 720—that entropy gradients actively organize plasma dynamics and drive anisotropic energy dissipation. We introduce a novel diagnostic, the Normalized Entropy Gradient (NEG), defined as N(mathbf{r}) = frac {l_0 |nabla S|} {S_0}, tag {1} where S = k_ {rm B} T n_e^ {-2/3} is the specific entropy. Our simulations reveal coherent vortical structures strongly aligned with magnetic field lines, quantified by an alignment parameter mathcal{A} = 0.76 pm 0.07 (corresponding to a mean angle of 28^circ pm 4^circ). This alignment is sustained only when anisotropic thermal conduction (Braginskii model) and localized resistivity are included in the total pressure relation P_ {rm tot} = P_ {rm gas} + |mathbf{B}|^2/2. We identify the underlying mechanism as Gradient-Driven Anisotropic Dissipation (GDAD), wherein entropy gradients preferentially channel energy along magnetic field lines via field-aligned heat flux and localized Ohmic dissipation. The energy budget shows thermal energy dominates (3.2 pm 0.3 times 10^ {59} erg), but magnetic (0.9 pm 0.1 times 10^ {59} erg) and kinetic components (1.1 pm 0.2 times 10^ {59} erg) play critical roles in sustaining anisotropy. Our results reproduce multi-wavelength signatures observed by Chandra (ObsID: 318) and VLA radio data within uncertainties, and GDAD provides testable predictions for future X-ray missions such as XRISM and Athena. All simulation data and analysis scripts will be publicly archived with a persistent DOI upon acceptance, ensuring full reproducibility. This work establishes, for the first time, that entropy gradients are primary drivers—not passive tracers—in the self-organization of astrophysical plasmas via the GDAD feedback loop.
- [A106806010426](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a106806010426/): The fine structure constant variation as a function of the electromagnetic interaction strength is investigated and shown to evolve from the canonical standard 1/137 to 1 at distances of the order of the classical electron radius, i.e. at a typical strong interaction value. This confirms the outcome at Planck scales, but it happens even later in the Universe’s evolution, closer to the present time, although it will also be experimentally unattainable. The result is simply derived by imposing quantum effects, i.e. the Compton wavelength at the classical electron radius, in analogy with the procedure by which the corresponding Compton wavelength constrains the Schwarzschild radius.
- [B106605021025](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b106605021025/): chinmoy00123@gmail.com2Chinmoy Bhattacharya, Austin Paints & Chemicals Private Limited, 3 Ambika Mukherjee Road, Belghoria, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.  
- [B106305021025](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b106305021025/): sju@sina.com, prosad3012@gmail.comProsad Bhattacharya, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (West Bengal), India. 
- [B106105021025](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b106105021025/): sju@sina.com, wuxinzh@sjtu.edu.cnWu Xinzhong, School of History and Culture of Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China.
- [A106005010425](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a106005010425/): christ.pao@gmail.comPaolo Christillin, Department of Physics, Universita` di Pisa, Italy,
- [A105905010425](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a105905010425/): akky848@gmail.com Akshay Vijay Gaikwad, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IASF Technologies, Pune (Maharashtra), India.   
- [A105805010425](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a105805010425/): rahichhatna@gmail.com Debjyoti Deoghuria, Researcher, Central Library, Bankura University, Bankura, West Bengal, India.    
- [A105705010425](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a105705010425/): chinmoy00123@gmail.com2Chinmoy Bhattacharya, Austin Paints & Chemicals Private Limited, 3 Ambika Mukherjee Road, Belghoria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.   
- [A105605010425](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a105605010425/): chandrabahadur9988@gmail.comChandra Bahadur Khadka, Department of Physics, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu-44600, Nepal.  
- [B105404021024](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b105404021024/): 4Dr. Brijendra Kumar Sharma, Department of Physics, Agra College, Agra, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P.), India.
- [B105304021024](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b105304021024/): christ.pao@gmail.comPaolo Christillin, Department of Physics, Universita` di Pisa, Italy. 
- [B105104021024](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b105104021024/): moh_imt_kar@hotmail.comMohamed Imteaz Karimullah, Burlington, Ontario, Canada. 
- [B105004021024](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b105004021024/): prosad3012@gmail.comProsad Bhattacharya, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.  
- [A1047044124](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1047044124/): augjaiswal@gmail.com Sandeep S. Jaiswal, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, 2/92 Liberty, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai (Maharashtra), India.  
- [A10480404124](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a10480404124/): swethastro1827@gmail.com 2Swetha Shree J, Department of Aerospace Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India.
- [B1027102222](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1027102222/): mugavithal@gmail.com 3Prof. M Vithal, Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India. 
- [A1036043123](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1036043123/): amitavaghorai@rediffmail.com A. Ghorai, School of Science, SGIL Residenza, Block 1/3G, 66/63 Jangalpur Road, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
- [B1040103223](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1040103223/): augjaiswal@gmail.com Sandeep S. Jaiswal, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899. 
- [B1042103223](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1042103223/): negib120@gmail.com 1Negasa Belay, Department of Physics, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- [A1034043123](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1034043123/): negib120@gmail.com Negasa Belay, Department of Physics, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- [A1038043123](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1038043123/): rohitguptaagraindia@gmail.com 1Rohit Gupta, Department of Physics, Agra College, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra (U.P), India.
- [A1035043123](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1035043123/): chandrabahadur9988@gmail.com Chandra Bahadur Khadka, Department of Physics Tri-Chandra Multiple College Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- [C1023041322](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c1023041322/): rkp224945@gmail.com R. Rame Kumar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shriram Engineering College, Tiruvallur (Tamil Nadu), India.
- [C1021041322](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c1021041322/): chandrabahadur9988@gmail.com Chandra Bahadur Khadka, Student of Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- [C1020041322](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c1020041322/): chandrabahadur9988@gmail.com Chandra Bahadur Khadka, Student of Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- [C1019041322](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c1019041322/): sneha072000@gmail.com 1Sneha Dey, Department of Physics, Maulana Azad College, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
- [C1018041322](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c1018041322/): sneha072000@gmail.com 1Sneha Dey, Department of Physics, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
- [C1017041322](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/c1017041322/): ram@unimechhealthcare.com 1Ramakrishna K, Unimech Healthcare, Bangalore (Karnataka), India. 
- [B1009101221](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1009101221/): reyansapkota.108@gmail.com Reyan Kumar Sapkota, Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- [B1003101121](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1003101121/): saddam@ran.edu.np 1Saddam Husain Dhobi, Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur-44700, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
- [A1006101121](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1006101121/): imthiiaz@yahoo.com 1N. Imthiyas Ahamed, PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiru. Vi. Ka. Govt. Arts College, Tiruvarur – 610 003. Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24, Tamil Nadu, India
- [A1005101121](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1005101121/): 1N. Imthiyas Ahamed, PG & Research Department of Physics, D.G. Govt. Arts College (w), Mayiladuthurai - 609 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
- [B1007101121](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1007101121/): saddam@ran.edu.np  1Saddam Husain Dhobi, Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
- [A1003101121](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a1003101121/): prachi.jain2804@gmail.com 1Prachi Jain, Department of Mathematics, Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal - 462008,Madhya Pradesh, India.
- [B1002101121](https://www.ijap.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b1002101121/): pratyushdulal0@gmail.com Pratyush Raj Dulal, Department of Computer Science, St. Xavier's College (Kathmandu), Nepal.